{"id":1806,"date":"2019-02-11T21:11:20","date_gmt":"2019-02-11T21:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/?p=1806"},"modified":"2026-03-25T08:42:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T08:42:22","slug":"dersimde-gagan-kutlamasi-yoresel-bir-gelenek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/dersimde-gagan-kutlamasi-yoresel-bir-gelenek\/","title":{"rendered":"DERS\u0130M&#8221;DE GA\u011eAN KUTLAMASI (Y\u00d6RESEL B\u0130R GELENEK)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Khal Ga\u011fan; Dersim co\u011frafyas\u0131nda Alevi- K\u0131rmanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kutlanan (Sivas, Tunceli, Erzincan, Bing\u00f6l, Mu\u015f) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelebilmi\u015f eski bir gelenektir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ga\u011fan kelimesinin k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin net bir\nbilgi olmasa da K\u0131rmancki\/Zazaca\u2019 da y\u0131l\u0131n son ay\u0131na verilen bu ismin ghan\n(eski) \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khal Ga\u011fan; eskinin u\u011furlanmas\u0131 ve yeni gelen\ny\u0131la merhaba anlam\u0131 bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khal Ga\u011fan; Aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc haftas\u0131nda\nba\u015flar ve Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden ba\u015flay\u0131p \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck oru\u00e7 tutulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck orucun anlamlar\u0131ndan biri de k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\n\u00e7etin ge\u00e7irilecek olan \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131n haber verilmesidir. Pir, M\u00fcr\u015fit ve Dedelerin\noldu\u011fu yerler de Cem\u2019ler ba\u011flan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ocuklar sabah erkenden kalkarlar, en g\u00fczel\nelbiselerini giyinerek Khal Khek (\u0130htiyar Adam) e\u015fliginde hediye toplamaya\ngiderler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplu bir \u015fekil de, habersizce her evin\nkap\u0131s\u0131na giderek?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ga\u011fan\u00ea S\u0131ma B\u0131mbarek Bo? (Ga\u011fan\u0131n\u0131z kutlu\nolsun) diye selamlar ve \u015fark\u0131lar e\u015fli\u011finde Khal Khek oyununu oynarlar ve\nhediyelerini al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hediyeler daha \u00e7ok badem \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, ceviz,\nkuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, kay\u0131s\u0131 kurusu, un ve benzeri \u015feyler olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak\u015fama kadar toplanan yiyecekler k\u00f6y\u00fcn bir\nevinde pi\u015firilir, geri kalanlar da yoksul ailelere da\u011fitilir. Genel de undan\nyap\u0131lan yemeklerdir. Zerfet ad\u0131 verilen hamur, ya\u011f ve sarm\u0131sakl\u0131 ayrandan\nolu\u015fan yemek pi\u015firilir ve yenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evlerde ise Pesare (bir t\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6rek) ve dane (bu\u011fday)\npi\u015firilir. Dane bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yenir ve \u00e7ocuklara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise ipli\u011fe\nge\u00e7irilerek hayvanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131l\u0131n direklerine as\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u011fran\u0131lan evlerde Khal Khek oyunu oynan\u0131r.\nOyunun akt\u00f6rleri ya\u015fl\u0131 adam k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na giren Khal, bayan elbiseleri giydirilmi\u015f\ngen\u00e7lerden biri olan e\u015fi Fadike ve onlar\u0131 korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc soba kurumu,\nisi ile siyaha boyam\u0131\u015f Arap\u2019t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tan\u0131nmayacak derece de kendilerini \u00f6zenle\ngiysi ve kost\u00fcmlerle kamufle ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khal Khekin; koyun ya da ke\u00e7i k\u0131l\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan\nak ve uzun sakal\u0131, eski elbiselerden olu\u015fan kost\u00fcm\u00fc, omuzunda heybesi, elinde\nasas\u0131 ve tesbihi bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khal Khekin e\u015fi rol\u00fcndeki Fadike; g\u00f6zleri\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yine tan\u0131nmayacak \u015fekilde giydirilir. Etek ve e\u015farp giydirilerek\ntan\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arab\/Arapta y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc sobalardan elde edilen\nkurum ile siyaha boyar ve elinde deyne\u011fi bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arab? olarak nitelenen korumac\u0131 ki\u015finin\ng\u00f6revi; u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 evlerde gen\u00e7leri kovalay\u0131p Fadikenin ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek\nve sonras\u0131nda Fadikenin bulunmas\u0131na ve Khalo Khekin yan\u0131na getirilmesine\nyard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bulunduktan sonra hediyeler toplan\u0131r ve k\u00f6y\nevlerinin ziyaretine devam edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evelenerek gelin olarak ayr\u0131lan k\u0131z karde\u015f,\nhala, teyzeler (Zeyi) ziyaret edilir ve onlara yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flerden dolay\u0131\n\u015f\u00fckran duyulur.?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bara Zeyiu? evden evlenerek ayr\u0131lan bayanlar\u0131n\nhakk\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evlendiklerinde toprak gibi haklar istemeseler\nde bu gibi g\u00fcnler de alt\u0131n, hayvan vb. gibi de\u011ferli hediyeler kendilerine\nverilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eski bir Dersim? Alevi gelene\u011fi olan Khal\nGa\u011fan bir payla\u015f\u0131m t\u00f6renidir ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yoksul olan aileler ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 mutlu etmek,\ndayan\u0131\u015fma, payla\u015f\u0131m ve eski y\u0131l\u0131 ne\u015feli bir \u015fekilde u\u011furlay\u0131p yeni y\u0131la g\u00fczel\nbir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapmak amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ga\u011fan\u0131n Ga\u011fant, Nikolaus ve Noelle\n\u0130li\u015fkilendirilmesi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7e\u015fitli ki\u015fi ve \u00e7evrelerce Hristiyanlar\u0131n\nNoeli, Nikolausu ve Ermenilerin y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 kutlamas\u0131 olan Ga\u011fant\u0131 ile\nili\u015fkilendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da bu s\u00fcbjektif, ger\u00e7ekle ilgisi olmayan bir\nyakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elbette ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyay\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan\nhalklar\u0131n birbirinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinden etkilenmesi, al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015fleri normaldir ve bu\nanla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fakat; bu t\u00f6ren ve kutlamalar\u0131n ama\u00e7 ve\n\u015fekillerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar kolayca kendini\ng\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere denk gelmesi ve benzerlikler\nayn\u0131 \u015feyler olduklar\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n Noeline bakal\u0131m:\nSacred Origins of Profound Things adl\u0131 kitapta; &#8221; Mesih&#8217;in do\u011fumundan\nsonraki iki y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca, onun tam olarak hangi g\u00fcnde do\u011fdu\u011funu kimse\nbilmiyordu, bu konuyla ilgilenen de yoktu&#8221; denilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kutsal kitaplar\u0131nda dahi \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n hangi g\u00fcn\ndo\u011fdu\u011funa dair de bir tarih bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25 Aral\u0131k \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda olu\u015fan ve geli\u015fen\nMitraizm inanc\u0131ndaki Tanr\u0131 Mitran\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlanan bir festivaldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130sa`n\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kabul edilen 25\nAral\u0131k tarihi MS. 353-354 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan sonra dini bir t\u00f6ren olarak Romal\u0131 Papa\nLiberius taraf\u0131ndan bat\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Hristiyanlarca kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine H\u0131r\u0131stiyanlarca kutlanan Noel bir bayram\nde\u011fil yas, buna kar\u015f\u0131n Khal Ga\u011fan bir \u015fenlik havas\u0131nda ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hristiyanl\u0131kta Nikolaus olarak bilinen ve\n\u00e7ocuklara hediyeler da\u011f\u0131tan ki\u015fili\u011finde k\u00f6keninin Anadolu oldu\u011fu bug\u00fcn hem\nHristiyanlar hem de di\u011fer dinlere mensup insanlar taraf\u0131ndan bilinmekte ve\nkab\u00fcl edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khal Ga\u011fan ile aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fark ise;\nNikolaus her y\u0131l Miladi takvim ile Aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n 6. g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miladi takvime g\u00f6re 6 Aral\u0131k ise Dersimlilerin\nkulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takvime g\u00f6re hen\u00fcz Ga\u011fan (Aral\u0131k) ay\u0131ndan bir hafta \u00f6ncesine denk\nd\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yani H\u0131ristiyanlar Nikolausu kutlad\u0131klar\u0131nda\nhen\u00fcz eski takvimi kullanan Dersim co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na g\u00f6re Aral\u0131k ay\u0131\nba\u015flamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nikolaus\u00b4dan bir hafta sonra Aral\u0131k ay\u0131\nba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ermenilerin Ga\u011fant olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn\nise; Miladi takvim ile y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131na denk gelen tek bir g\u00fcnden ibarettir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130sim olarak benzerli\u011fi bulunsa da (Ga\u011fan,\nGa\u011fant ya da Ga\u011fand) etimolojik olarak ayn\u0131 orijinden geldi\u011fini ve ayn\u0131\nkavramdan bahsedildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oru\u00e7, kutlama ve Khalo Khek gibi uygulamalar\nErmeniler de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak; Khal Ga\u011fan kutlamas\u0131 Dersim\nAlevilerinin eski d\u00f6nemlerden beri kutlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir uygulama olup g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar\ngelmi\u015f bir gelenektir.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131rmancki\/Zazaca; Ga\u011fan\u00ea S\u0131ma B\u0131mbarek Bo!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131rdaski\/K\u00fcrt\u00e7e; Ga\u011fane Xwa Piroz Be!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk\u00e7e; Ga\u011fan\u0131n\u0131z Kutlu Olsun! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not; Geleneksel Ga\u011fan oyununu oynayan, emek sarf\neden, bizlerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenme ve ya\u015fata bilmemizde, bu \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ar\u015fiv\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n da katk\u0131s\u0131 olan, ba\u015fta Hayri Dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131na\nsonsuz te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimi ve sayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 sunar\u0131m&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dersim-K\u0131rmanc-Alevi Co\u011frafyas\u0131 fikriyat\u0131\nsavunucusu-hizmetlisi&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Al\u0131nt\u0131: Kemal Metin Kahraman<br> <br><strong><em>Haz\u0131rlayan ve Payla\u015fan: Aliekber G\u00fcltekin<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khal Ga\u011fan; Dersim co\u011frafyas\u0131nda Alevi- K\u0131rmanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kutlanan (Sivas, Tunceli, Erzincan, Bing\u00f6l, Mu\u015f) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelebilmi\u015f eski bir gelenektir. Ga\u011fan kelimesinin k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin net bir bilgi olmasa da K\u0131rmancki\/Zazaca\u2019 da [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[633],"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-1806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel-kultur","tag-aliekber-gultekin_tr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1806"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3387,"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1806\/revisions\/3387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dewabp.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}